ABSTRACT Objective: Obesity is an important factor for cardiovascular and metabolic events. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the associated factors among healthcare university students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional university-based study of 2,245 healthcare university students in the Midwest region of Brazil was conducted in 2018. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, family and comorbidities characteristics were investigated. Poisson regression was used for the multivariable analysis. All analysis was stratified by sex. Results: The mean age of the sample was 22.7 years (standard deviation = 4.1) and 69.5% of the students was female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 13.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2-15.6) and 4% (95% CI: 3.0-4.9) for women and 34.5% (95% CI: 30.9-38.1) and 11.3% (95% CI: 8.9-13.6) for men, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was at least 70% higher in female students aged 24 years or older (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.24-2.41) and those who smoke (PR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.66-3.02). Additionally, female students with a family history of obesity (PR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.46-2.77) or with two or three comorbidities (PR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.43-3.04) exhibited a significantly higher probability for overweight/obesity. Similar findings were observed in male students, but with smaller effect sizes. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among healthcare university students, especially in men. It was related to the socio-demographic and family characteristics rather than behavioral factors.

Resumo speciesLink é um portal de informações em larga escala sobre biodiversidade, que existe graças a uma ampla rede colaborativa de pessoas e instituições. O envolvimento do CRIA com a comunidade científica do Brasil e de outros países é responsável pelos resultados expressivos alcançados, atingindo atualmente mais de 15 milhões de registros de dados primários de biodiversidade, sendo 95% associados a espécimes preservados e cerca de 25% a imagens digitais de alta qualidade. A rede fornece dados sobre mais de 200.000 espécies, das quais mais de 110.000 ocorrem no Brasil. Este artigo descreve as redes temáticas do speciesLink, bem como algumas das ferramentas mais úteis desenvolvidas. A importância e as contribuições do speciesLink são destacadas, assim como as preocupações em garantir um apoio financeiro estável para e-infraestruturas de dados sobre biodiversidade. Aqui revisamos o valor do speciesLink como uma das principais fontes de informação sobre biodiversidade para pesquisa, educação, tomada de decisão, desenvolvimento de políticas e bioeconomia.

Abstract speciesLink is a large-scale biodiversity information portal that exists thanks to a broad collaborative network of people and institutions. CRIA’s involvement with the scientific community of Brazil and other countries is responsible for the significant results achieved, currently reaching more than 15 million primary biodiversity data records, 95% of which are associated with preserved specimens and about 25% with high-quality digital images. The network provides data on over 200,000 species, of which over 110,000 occur in Brazil. This article describes thematic networks within speciesLink, as well as some of the most useful tools developed. The importance and contributions of speciesLink are outlined, as are concerns about securing stable budgetary support for such biodiversity data e-infrastructures. Here we review the value of speciesLink as a major source of biodiversity information for research, education, informed decision-making, policy development, and bioeconomy.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os padrões alimentares e a associação destes com a obesidade abdominal em mulheres trabalhadoras de turnos no sul do Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle não pareado, incluindo um total de 541 mulheres de 18 a 53 anos de idade (215 casos; 326 controles). A presença de obesidade abdominal foi verificada pela aferição da circunferência da cintura ≥ 88 centímetros e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por meio da análise de componentes principais de 53 itens. Os padrões foram classificados com base nos alimentos de maior carga fatorial e características nutricionais. A associação entre obesidade abdominal e os padrões foi verificada por meio de regressão logística não condicional. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados: “gordura animal/calorias”, “lanches/fast-food” e “frutas/verduras”. Após análise ajustada, os casos apresentaram uma maior chance de adesão ao padrão “frutas/verduras” (OR = 2,26; IC95%:1,30-3,93) e uma menor chance de adesão ao padrão “lanches/fast-food” (OR = 0,60; IC95%:0,36-1,01). Assim, identificou-se três padrões alimentares entre as trabalhadoras de turnos e verificou-se uma melhora na alimentação naquelas com obesidade abdominal, representando uma possível alteração de hábitos alimentares após sua ocorrência.

Abstract The scope of this study was to identify dietary patterns and their association with abdominal obesity in female shift workers in southern Brazil. A non-matched case-control study was conducted, including a total of 541 women aged between 18 and 53 years old (215 cases; 326 controls). The presence of abdominal obesity was assessed by measuring waist circumference ≥ 88 cm and dietary patterns were obtained by principal component analysis of 53 food items. The name of dietary patterns was assigned based on higher load factor and nutritional characteristics of foods. The association between abdominal obesity and dietary patterns was obtained by non-conditional logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: “animal fat/calories,” “snacks/fast-food” and “fruits/vegetables.” After adjusted analysis, the cases presented a greater chance of adherence to the “fruits/vegetables” dietary pattern (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.30 to 3.93) and a lower chance of adherence to the “snacks/fast food” pattern (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.01). In conclusion, this study identified three dietary patterns in female shift workers, and there was an improvement in nutrition in workers with abdominal obesity, representing a possible change in eating habits after their occurrence.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os padrões alimentares e a associação destes com a obesidade abdominal em mulheres trabalhadoras de turnos no sul do Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle não pareado, incluindo um total de 541 mulheres de 18 a 53 anos de idade (215 casos; 326 controles). A presença de obesidade abdominal foi verificada pela aferição da circunferência da cintura ≥ 88 centímetros e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por meio da análise de componentes principais de 53 itens. Os padrões foram classificados com base nos alimentos de maior carga fatorial e características nutricionais. A associação entre obesidade abdominal e os padrões foi verificada por meio de regressão logística não condicional. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados: “gordura animal/calorias”, “lanches/fast-food” e “frutas/verduras”. Após análise ajustada, os casos apresentaram uma maior chance de adesão ao padrão “frutas/verduras” (OR = 2,26; IC95%:1,30-3,93) e uma menor chance de adesão ao padrão “lanches/fast-food” (OR = 0,60; IC95%:0,36-1,01). Assim, identificou-se três padrões alimentares entre as trabalhadoras de turnos e verificou-se uma melhora na alimentação naquelas com obesidade abdominal, representando uma possível alteração de hábitos alimentares após sua ocorrência.

Abstract The scope of this study was to identify dietary patterns and their association with abdominal obesity in female shift workers in southern Brazil. A non-matched case-control study was conducted, including a total of 541 women aged between 18 and 53 years old (215 cases; 326 controls). The presence of abdominal obesity was assessed by measuring waist circumference ≥ 88 cm and dietary patterns were obtained by principal component analysis of 53 food items. The name of dietary patterns was assigned based on higher load factor and nutritional characteristics of foods. The association between abdominal obesity and dietary patterns was obtained by non-conditional logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: “animal fat/calories,” “snacks/fast-food” and “fruits/vegetables.” After adjusted analysis, the cases presented a greater chance of adherence to the “fruits/vegetables” dietary pattern (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.30 to 3.93) and a lower chance of adherence to the “snacks/fast food” pattern (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.01). In conclusion, this study identified three dietary patterns in female shift workers, and there was an improvement in nutrition in workers with abdominal obesity, representing a possible change in eating habits after their occurrence.

Introdução: Em situações clínicas selecionadas é aconselhada investigação complementar da criança com febre, nomeadamente realização de hemocultura. Objetivos: Analisar as hemoculturas positivas por bactérias patogénicas num serviço de pediatria, nomeadamente agentes mais frequentes, sua evolução, respetivos antibiogramas e correlação com dados clínicos. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo de dados microbiológicos das bactérias patogénicas isoladas em hemoculturas e dados clínicos de crianças com idade entre um mês e 17 anos, admitidas num serviço de pediatria, entre 2003 e 2012. Resultados: No período estudado, a percentagem anual de hemoculturas positivas por bactérias potencialmente patogénicas variou entre 0,8% e 2,9%. No total isolaram-se 158 bactérias patogénicas, sendo mais frequentes: Staphylococcus aureus (29,1%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (27,8%), Escherichia coli (10,1%), Enterococcus faecalis (8,2%), Neisseria meningitidis (5,7%) e Streptococcus pyogenes (5,7%). Nenhuma Neisseria meningitidis foi resistente à resistente à ampicilina, 9% dos Streptococcus pneumoniae tiveram resistência intermédia à penicilina, 8,7% dos Staphylococcus aureus tiveram resistência à meticilina e 6,3% das Escherichia coli tinham resistência à amoxicilina/ácido clavulânico. Sessenta e sete porcento das hemoculturas positivas por bactérias patogénicas correspondiam a crianças com idade inferior a 36 meses. Os diagnósticos mais relevantes foram: bacterié- mia oculta, pneumonia, sépsis, meningite e pielonefrite. Ocorreu um óbito devido a choque sético (Streptococcus pneumoniae). Conclusão: Nos 10 anos analisados, as bactérias mais frequentes foram: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Escherichia coli. Verificou-se diminuição da incidência da Neisseria meningitidis após 2005 e do Streptococcus pneumoniae após 2007. As suscetibilidades das diferentes bactérias patogénicas aos antimicrobianos mantiveram-se estáveis. Enfatiza-se a importância epidemiológica e clínica da monitorização de dados microbiológicos.

Introduction: In selected clinical situations is recommended to investigate the child with fever, including performing blood culture. Aim: To analyze positive blood cultures for pathogenic bacteria in a pediatric department, including the most common agents, its evolution, respective antibiotic susceptibility and correlation with some clinical data. Methods: Retrospective analysis of microbiological data of pathogens isolated in blood cultures and clinical data from children aged one month to 17 years, admitted in a pediatric department between 2003 and 2012. Results: During the study period, the annual rate of positive blood cultures for potentially pathogenic bacteria ranged between 0.8% and 2.9%. In total, were isolated 158 pathogenic bacteria and the most common were: Staphylococcus aureus (29,1%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (27,8%), Escherichia coli (10,1%), Enterococcus faecalis (8,2%), Neisseria meningitidis (5,7%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (5,7%). No Neisseria meningitidis were resistant to ampicillin, 9% of Streptococcus pneumoniae had intermediate resistance to penicillin, 8,7% of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to methicillin and 6,3% of Escherichia coli were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Sixty-seven percent of positive blood cultures for pathogenic bacteria corresponded to children under the age of 36 months. The most relevant diagnoses were: occult bacteremia, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis and pyelonephritis. A child died due to septic shock (Streptococcus pneumoniae). Conclusion: In the 10 years analyzed, the most common bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The incidence of Neisseria meningitidis after 2005 and Streptococcus pneumoniae after 2007 decreased. Susceptibility of different pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobials remained stable. We emphasize the importance of epidemiological and clinical monitoring of microbiological data.

Introduction: The regular practice of physical activity (PA) has been associated with better health. In addition, job characteristics may determine the PA behaviours of employees, including the work shift. However, relatively few studies have examined the PA behaviour among shift workers. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between work shift and the practice of PA among workers of a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1206 workers (786 females), ages 18 to 50, working in shifts on a production line that operates 24 hours/day. Workers who engaged in more than 150 minutes/week of PA were considered active. Multivariate analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and all analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Of the total participants studied, 36% (95%CI: 33-39) were considered active and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with PA differed among males and females. Regarding work shift, night shift workers had higher prevalence of PA. However, increased PA was significantly associated with work shift particularly among females. After controlling for potential confounders, women who worked during the night shift were approximately 30% more active than those who worked during the day (PR[prevalence ratio]= 1.32;95%CI: 1.07-1.62;p=0.010). Conclusions: This study found a low prevalence of PA among the workers and indicated a significantly association between work shift and PA. Working at night was positively associated with regular PA, particularly among females. These results contribute for initiatives that aim to increase PA among the workers, take into account the job characteristics and gender differences.

Introducción: La práctica regular de actividad física (AF) se ha asociado con una mejor salud. Además, las características del trabajo se pueden determinar las conductas de la AF de los trabajadores, incluyendo el turno de trabajo. Sin embargo, relativamente pocos estudios han examinado el comportamiento AF entre los trabajadores por turnos. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre turno de trabajo y la práctica de la AF entre los trabajadores de una planta de procesamiento de aves en el sur de Brasil. Métodos: Un estudio transversal se llevó a cabo con 1.206 trabajadores (786 mujeres), con edades entre 18 a 50 años, trabajando en turnos de una línea de producción que funciona las 24 horas/día. Los trabajadores que han participado en más de 150 minutos/semana de AF se consideraron activos. Se realizó un análisis multivariante mediante regresión de Poisson y todos los análisis se estratificó por sexo. Resultados: De los participantes en el estudio, el 36% (IC del 95%: 33-39) se consideraron activas y las características sociodemográficas asociadas con AF difirieron entre machos y hembras. En cuanto a los turnos de trabajo, los trabajadores del turno de noche tenían mayor prevalencia de la AF. Sin embargo, el aumento de la AF se asoció significativamente con el trabajo por turnos sobre todo entre las mujeres. Después de ajustar por factores de confusión, las mujeres que trabajaban en el turno de la noche fueron aproximadamente un 30% más activos que los que han trabajado durante el día (PR[razón de prevalencia]=1,32;IC del 95%: 1,07-1,62;p=0,010). Conclusiones: Este estudio encontró una baja prevalencia de PA entre los trabajadores e indicó una asociación significativa entre el trabajo por turnos y AF. Trabajar de noche se asoció positivamente con la AF regular, especialmente entre las mujeres. Estos resultados contribuyen a las iniciativas para aumentar la AF entre los trabajadores, teniendo en cuenta las características de las diferencias laborales y de género.

OBJETIVOS: verificar a rotina de procedimentos realizados com pacientes candidatos ao uso de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual, em Centros Auditivos na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul no Brasil. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 14 Centros Auditivos, por meio de questionário preenchido pelo fonoaudiólogo (a), responsável técnico (a) pelo estabelecimento. RESULTADOS: os resultados encontrados indicaram que os únicos procedimentos realizados em 100% dos centros auditivos foram a audiometria tonal limiar, a otoscopia e a pré-moldagem. Quanto ao tipo de aparelhos auditivos, moldes auriculares e tecnologia mais indicados foram retroauriculares, invisíveis simples e digitais, respectivamente. Na adaptação a faixa etária mais comumente foi de 60 a 79 anos, o tipo de adaptação monoaural, e a maioria dos centros auditivos realizam orientações de uso, acompanhamento após aquisição e experiência domiciliar prévia. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados mostraram que não existiram divergências entre os centros auditivos pesquisados, mas que alguns procedimentos teriam importância significativa para o processo de seleção de aparelhos auditivos, pois os mesmos contribuiriam para o sucesso de uma protetização efetiva.

PURPOSES: to check the routine of procedures used with patients which were candidates to using hearing aid, in Hearing Centers in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. METHODS: 14 Hearing Centers took part in the study, through a questionnaire which was filled in by the Speech Therapist incumbent upon the Center. RESULTS: the results we've found have shown that the sole procedures used in 100% of the Hearing Centers were the threshold tonal audiometry, the otoscopy and the pre-molding. As for the most indicated types of hearing aids, as well as auricular molds and technology, they were retroauricular, simple, invisible and digital, respectively. In the adaptation, the most common age went from 60 to 79 years, the kind of adaptation was monoaural, and most Hearing Centers make usage orientation, post-acquisition follow-up and prior home experience. CONCLUSION: the results have shown that there were no divergences among the examined Hearing Centers, however some procedures would have significant importance for the selection process of hearing aids, as they would contribute for the success of an effective hearing aid fitting.

OBJECTIVE: To provide the first population-based data on deafness and hearing impairment in Brazil. METHODS: In 2003, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted of 2 427 persons 4 years old and over. The study population was composed of 1 040 systematically chosen households in 40 randomly selected census tracts (dwelling clusters) in the city of Canoas, which is in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. Hearing function was evaluated in all subjects by both pure-tone audiometry and physical examination, using the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol and definitions of hearing levels. The socioeconomic data that were gathered included the amount of schooling of all individuals tested and the income of the head of the household. RESULTS: It was found that 26.1% of the population studied showed some level of hearing impairment, and 6.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.5%-8.1%) were classified in the disabling hearing impairment group. The prevalence of moderate hearing loss was 5.4% (95% CI = 4.4%-6.4%); for severe hearing loss, 1.2% (95% CI = 0.7%-1.7%); and for profound hearing loss, 0.2% (95% CI = 0.03%-0.33%). The groups at higher risk for hearing loss were men (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.06-2.23); participants 60 years of age and over (OR = 12.55; 95% CI = 8.38-18.79); those with fewer years of formal schooling (OR = 3.92; 95% CI = 2.14-7.16); and those with lower income (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.06-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: These results support advocacy by health policy planners and care providers for the prevention of deafness and hearing impairment. The findings could help build awareness in the community, in universities, and in government agencies of the health care needs that hearing problems create.

OBJETIVO: Presentar los primeros datos de un estudio de base poblacional sobre sordera y deficiencia auditiva en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta transversal de hogares en 2003 en la que participaron 2 427 personas de 4 años de edad o más. La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 1 040 hogares escogidos de manera sistemática en 40 sectores censales (conglomerados de viviendas) escogidos al azar en la ciudad de Canoas, estado de Rio Grande do Sul, en el sur de Brasil. Se evaluó la función auditiva de los participantes mediante audiometría tonal liminar y examen físico, según el Protocolo para el Estudio de Trastornos Óticos y Auditivos y las definiciones de niveles auditivos, ambos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Entre los datos socioeconómicos colectados estaban los años de escolaridad de las personas estudiadas y los ingresos del jefe del hogar. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que 26,1% de la población estudiada mostró algún grado de deficiencia auditiva y 6,8% (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 5,5% a 8,1%) se clasificó en el grupo con deficiencia auditiva incapacitante. La prevalencia de pérdida auditiva moderada fue de 5,4% (IC95%: 4,4% a 6,4%); de pérdida auditiva grave, 1,2% (IC95%: 0,7% a 1,7%); y de pérdida auditiva profunda, 0,2% (IC95%: 0,03% a 0,33%). Los grupos en mayor riesgo de pérdida auditiva fueron los hombres (razón de posibilidades [odds ratio, OR] = 1,54; IC95%: 1,06 a 2,23); los participantes de 60 años de edad o más (OR = 12,55; IC95%: 8,38 a 18,79); los que tenían menos años de escolaridad formal (OR = 3,92; IC95%: 2,14 a 7,16); y los que tenían menores ingresos (OR = 1,56; IC95%: 1,06 a 2,27). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados respaldan las recomendaciones de los planificadores de políticas sanitarias y de los proveedores de servicios de salud sobre la prevención de la sordera y la deficiencia auditiva. Además, pueden contribuir a aumentar el nivel de conciencia de la comunidad, las universidades y las agencias gubernamentales acerca de las necesidades de atención sanitaria que generan los problemas auditivos.